Did you know?
This scent's violet note exists because of ionone, synthesized in 1893 to replace violet-flower oil, once one of the most expensive materials in perfumery.
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Defy is a fragrance from Calvin Klein, released in 2022 and composed by Pascal Gaurin. It opens with Bergamot, Lavender, and Mandarin, moves into a heart of Violet, Geranium, and Sage, and settles into a base of Vetiver, Patchouli, and Ambrox.
New to top, heart & base notes? Learn how the fragrance pyramid actually works โ









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